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Objective:To evaluate the role of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 in tunicamycin(TM)-induced injury to hippocampal neurons and the relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.Methods:Mouse HT22 cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), Nur77 specific agonist Csn-B group (Csn-B group), endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer TM group (TM group), and TM+ Csn-B group. Cells in C group were cultured for 24 h under normal condition. In Csn-B group, Csn-B at a final concentration of 10 μg/ml was added to the culture medium, and the cells were incubated for 24 h. In TM group, TM at a final concentration of 200 ng/ml was added to the culture medium and the cells were incubated for 24 h to induce cell endoplasmic reticulum stress injury. Cells in TM+ Csn-B group were pretreated with Csn-B at a final concentration of 10 μg/ml for 15 min, then TM at a final concentration of 200 ng/ml was added, and the cells were co-incubated for 24 h. The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay kit after treatment in each group. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78)and apoptosis-associated protein Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with C group, the cell viability was significantly decreased, and the expression of CHOP, GRP78, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was down-regulated in TM group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with TM group, the cell viability was significantly increased, the expression of CHOP, GRP78, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 was down-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was up-regulated in TM+ Csn-B group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions:Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is involved in TM-induced injury to hippocampal neurons, which is related to activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.
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Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuo Tong ureteroscopy(ST-URS) and flexible ureteroscope(FURS)combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi with CT numerical value ≥ 1000 HU.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients of upper ureteral calculi with CT numberical value≥1000 HU in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University was made from January 2018 to November 2020.There were 61 cases treated with ShuoTong ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy (ST-URS group), including 45 males and 16 females, with 40 on the left and 21 on the right, age of(48.3±12.7) years, body mass index of(24.7±2.7)kg/m 2, the diameter of stone of(1.50±0.45)cm, and the CT numberical value of(1 288.8±179.0)(1 017-1 738)HU. There were 87 cases were treated with flexible ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy (FURS group), including 58 males and 29 females, with 56 on the left and 31 on the right, age of(48.5±13.0) years, body mass index of(24.1±3.8)kg/m 2, the stone diameter of(1.45±0.40)cm, and the CT numberical value of(1 311.3±188.9)(1 009-1 817)HU. There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, the location of stone, the diameter of stone and the CT numberical value of stone( P>0.05)between the two groups. For ST-URS group, a rigid ureteral channel sheath and standard mirror(F7.5/11.5)were placed under direct vision, exiting the standard mirror, leaving the channel sheath, inserting a lithotripsy mirror(F4.5/6.5)and a holmium laser[Power: 8-30 W(0.4-1.0 J/20-30 Hz)], and withdrawing the stone fragments after crushing the stone by "nibbling method" . For FURS group, a hard ureteroscope(F8/9.8)was used to explore the lesion side of the ureter, inserting a guide wire and placing a soft ureteral sheath, then inserting a flexible ureteroscope(F8)for holmium laser lithotripsy, and useing a stone basket to remove larger stone fragments. Ureteral stent was routinely indwelled after the operation. On the day 1 and 1 month after the operation, imaging examinations were performed to evaluate the stone-free rate. No residual stones or the diameter of stone was ≤0.4 cm and no urinary tract infection or any symptoms were defined as stone free. The operation time, blood loss, success rate of stage Ⅰ ureteral access sheath placement, incidence of postoperative complications, stone-free rate(SFR) at 1 day after operation, SFR at 1 month after operation, postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compared between the two groups. According to the size of calculi, the 2 groups were divided into 2 subgroups(≥1.5 cm and <1.5 cm)in order to make further analysis. The operation time, stone-free rate(SFR) at day 1 after operation and SFR at 1 month after operation were compared between the two groups. Results:The operation time of the ST-URS group was shorter than the FURS group(40.10 min vs. 49.43 min, P=0.020), and the incidence of postoperative complications was lower than the FURS group[3.28%(2/61)vs. 13.79%(12/87), P=0.031]. The SFR at day 1 after operation was significantly higher than the FURS group[60.7%(37/61)vs. 25.3%(22/87), P<0.01], and the hospitalization cost was lower than that of the FURS group(27 686 yuan vs. 32 281 yuan, P<0.010). There were no significant differences in the blood loss[(4.92±9.51)ml vs.(3.95±6.04)ml, P=0.452], success rate of stageⅠureteral access sheath placement[ 96.7%(59/61)vs. 96.6%(84/87), P=1.000], SFR at 1 month after operation[81.97%(50/61) vs. 75.86%(66/87), P=0.375] and postoperative hospital stay[(2.5±1.4)d vs.(2.4±0.8)d, P=0.543] between the two groups. When the size of calculi was ≥1.5cm, the operation time of the ST-URS group was shorter than the FURS group (43.67 min vs 55.00 min), the SFR at 1 day after operation was higher than the FURS group[40.00%(12/30)vs. 9.38%(3/32)], and the above differences are all statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the FURS, for the treatment of upper ureteral calculi with CT numerical value ≥1000 HU, the ST-URS has shorter in operative time, lower in hospitalization cost and incidence of postoperative complications and higher SFR at day 1 after operation. The ST-URS is a safe and effective surgical technique, which is superior in the treatment of larger(≥1.5 cm) stones.
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Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics and virus gene sequence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in an industrial park in Daishan County, Zhejiang Province, and to provide clues and basis for local HFRS prevention and control.Methods:According to the case questionnaire in the "National Surveillance Program for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome", general and epidemiological investigation of HFRS cases was carried out in the epidemic-related industrial park. Serum samples of the cases, people and host animals in the same living environment were collected for hantavirus antibody or nucleic acid detection, the M, S gene amplification and sequence determination. MEGAX 10.1.8 software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree of M and S genes for virus genotyping and evolutionary analysis.Results:A total of 3 confirmed cases of HFRS were reported. They were all workers in the epidemic-related industrial park, male, who lived in the park for more than half a year and had no history of HFRS vaccination. There were no rodent-proof facilities in the industrial park's dormitories and canteens, and the living items were placed in a disorderly manner, the rodents and its excrement could be seen; a total of 38 host animals were captured in the same living environment with cases, all of which were Rattus norvegicus. The 3 reported cases of HFRS were all mild, with atypical clinical manifestations in the early stage of onset, mainly fever and fatigue. The serum specific antibodies of hantavirus IgG and IgM were positive (3/3), and the antibodies of people in the same living environment were negative (100.0%, 100/100). The serum samples of 2 reported cases of HFRS and 4 Rattus norvegicus were positive for nucleic acid, all of which were SEOV type hantavirus. The M gene segment homology of 6 positive serum samples was 100.0%, which was closely related to Rod/2012/QHD/4/Gc isolated from Hebei and RuianRn180 isolated from Ruian Zhejiang Province; the homology of S gene segment was 99.6% to 99.8%, which was closely related to JiangxiXinjianRn-09-2011, a strain isolated from Jiangxi Province. Conclusions:The HFRS epidemic in the industrial park is caused by the transmission of SEOV type hantavirus to humans via Rattus norvegicus; poor living environment, poor hygiene habits of personnel and lack of vaccination are all related to the incidence of HFRS; the main epidemic strains shows high homology and geographical aggregation.
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Objective:To compare and analyze the value of X-ray examination and MRI in the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome.Methods:Sixty patients with shoulder pain and weakness in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to May 2021 were selected. All patients underwent X-ray and MRI. Taking clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of X-ray and MRI in subacromial impact syndrome was compared and analyzed.Results:The consistency between MRI and gold standard was good ( Kappa = 0.769, P<0.01), and the consistency between X-ray and gold standard was general ( Kappa = 0.464, P<0.01); there was no significant difference between X-ray examination and MRI examination of acromion morphological classification, subacromial space classification ( P>0.05); The sensitivity of MRI was higher than that of X-ray, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.00, P<0.05). There was no difference between MRI and X-ray, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2 = 0.25, P>0.05). Conclusions:X-ray and MRI are complementary to each other in the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome. X-ray examination should be carried out first, and MRI should be carried out when necessary.
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Objective:To analyze the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) on sleep quality, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high mobility group protein (HMGB-1) levels in patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 90 patients who received thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery from January 2020 to January 2021 in Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 45 patients were given dexmedetomidine combined with TPVB before operation (experiment group), and 45 patients were given TPVB before operation (control group). The indexes of sleep quality were recorded, including Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and total sleep time 24 and 48 h after operation. The visual analogue score (VAS) during quiet and cough 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation were recorded. The serum substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and HMGB-1 before operation and 1 d after operation were detected. The adverse reactions were compared between 2 groups.Results:The PSQI 24 and 48 h after operation in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group: (11.38±4.61) scores vs. (13.65±2.72) scores and (8.78±3.79) scores vs. (10.95±2.81) scores, the total sleep time was significantly longer than that in control group: (7.71±2.64) h vs. (5.49±2.10) h and (9.75±3.14) h vs. (7.82±2.67) h, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The VAS during quiet and cough 1, 6 and 12 h after operation in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in the VAS during quiet and cough 24 and 48 h after operation between 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistical differences in serum SP, 5-HT, CRP, IL-6 and HMGB-1 before operation between 2 groups ( P>0.05); the SP, 5-HT, CRP, IL-6 and HMGB-1 1 d after operation in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group: (132.59±10.34) ng/L vs. (141.57±12.26) ng/L, (0.73±0.11) μmol/L vs. (0.95±0.09) μmol/L, (32.46±3.54) mg/L vs. (38.53±4.12) mg/L, (145.67±24.68) ng/L vs. (162.79±23.51) ng/L and (70.35±6.81) ng/L vs. (92.36±7.08) ng/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group: 20.00% (9/45) vs. 48.89% (22/45), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 8.32, P = 0.004). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine combined with TPVB can effectively improve postoperative sleep quality of patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery, relieve pain, and reduce postoperative serum pain mediators and inflammatory factors, with fewer adverse reactions.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of black tomato concentrated sauce in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Methods:An open, randomized and controlled trial was conducted, and 150 BPH patients with LUTS were randomly assigned to three groups: experimental group(60 cases), placebo group (45 cases) and positive control group(45 cases) in the Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital from December 2018 to September 2020.Inclusion criteria: age≥50 years old; first diagnosis of BPH, or interrupted medical treatment of BPH for more than 1 month; maximum urinary flow rate (Q max) <15ml/s; prostate volume (PV)≥20ml; IPSS≥8, QOL≥2. Exclusion criteria: lower urinary tract obstruction not caused by BPH, post-void residual urine volume(PVR) >250 ml; history of acute urinary retention in the last 3 months; prostate nodules and suspected prostate cancer were revealed by digital rectal examination and transrectal B-ultrasoundor; prostate-specific antigen (PSA)≥10 ng/ml; neurogenic bladder, perivous history of bladder, prostate, or urethra operations; suffering from serious heart, lung, liver, kidney and other diseases. The patients in the experimental group were orally treated with black tomato concentrated sauce(30 g/once, 3 times/day). The patients in the placebo group were orally administrated with placebo. In the positive control group, the patients with PV≤30ml were orally treated with tamsulosin(0.2mg/once, 1 time/day), the patients with PV>30ml were orally administrated with tamsulosin and finasteride(5 mg/once, 1 time/day). All enrolled patients were treated for 3 months. At the end of third month, the IPSS, QOL, PV, PVR, Q max, average urinary flow rate(Q ave), total PSA(tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), testosterone(TST) and the incidence of adverse reaction were assessed. Results:128 of 150 cases, including 52 cases in experimental group, 36 cases in placebo group and 40 cases in positive control group, completed the study, the rest was excluded due to not take medication regularly and fail to follow-up. There were no significant differences in baseline parameters among experimental group, placebo group and positive control group ( P>0.05) in age[(63.21±8.61) vs.(62.36±6.32) vs. (63.94±7.78)years old], body mass index[(23.74±3.17) vs. (23.94±3.09) vs. (24.26±2.91)kg/m 2], IPSS[(17.5±6.6) vs. (15.4±5.8) vs. (17.9±6.8)], QOL[4.0(3.0, 4.0) vs. 4.0(3.0, 4.5) vs. 4.0(3.0, 5.0)], Q max [(8.60±3.04) vs. (9.13±2.92) vs. (9.58±3.26) ml/s], Q ave[(4.39±1.69) vs. (4.66±1.76) vs. (4.88±1.60)ml/s], PV [32.00(25.55, 45.40)vs. 30.00(24.45, 38.35)vs. 34.80(27.65, 56.65)ml], PVR[23.50(8.25, 45.75) vs.5.50(0, 47.75) vs. 29.00(0, 84.00)ml], tPSA [1.53(0.89, 3.00) vs. 1.23(0.69, 1.98) vs. 2.23(0.90, 4.15)ng/ml], fPSA [0.37(0.28, 0.76) vs. 0.37(0.22, 0.52) vs. 0.54(0.30, 0.97) ng/ml] and TST[(443.64±156.32) vs. (493.97±176.16) vs. (450.89±135.08)ng/dl]. After 3 months of treatment, the IPSS in experimental group was(9.9±5.7), QOL score 2.0(2.0, 3.0), Q max(11.78±5.24)ml/s, Q ave(5.86±3.00)ml/s, tPSA 1.64(0.96, 3.32)ng/ml and TST (475.91±177.33)ng/dl, which were significantly different compared with pre-treatment( P<0.05). In positive control group, IPSS was (9.0±6.2), QOL 2.0(2.0, 3.0), Q max(11.73±4.50)ml/s, Q ave(6.11±2.53)ml/s, tPSA 1.57(0.80, 3.09)ng/ml, fPSA 0.37(0.24, 0.63)ng/ml and TST (526.11±126.88)ng/dl, which were statistically different compared with pre-treatment( P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in all the above indexes in placebo control group compared with the baseline( P>0.05). The numerical changes of IPSS, QOL, Q maxand Q ave between experimental group and placebo group had statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The changes of IPSS, QOL, Q max, Q ave, PV, tPSA, fPSA and TST between positive control group and placebo group had significant differences ( P<0.05). The changes of PV, tPSA and fPSA between positive control group and experimental group had statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 5.77% (3/52, including 1 headache and 2 stomach discomfort) in experimental group, 5.56% (2/36, including 1 headache and 1 stomach discomfort) in placebo group, and 10.00%(4/40, including 1 dizzy, 1 nasal obstruction and 2 erectile dysfunction) in positive control group. And there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Black tomato concentrated sauce shows an excellent effect on patients with LUTS/BPH, and improves the quality of life with few adverse events.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Zhuang medicine Jinmu granules and carry out chemometric analysis ， and determine the contents of three components . METHODS High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was adopted. Using rutin as the reference ，HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Jinmu granules were drawn and similarity evaluation was performed by Similarity Evaluation of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）；the common peak was determined by comparing with mixed control ；SPSS 21.0 software was used for cluster analysis ，and SIMCA 14.1 software was used for principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The differential components affecting the quality of Jinmu granules were screened by taking the variable importance in projection （VIP）value ＞1 as the standard ；the HPLC method was used to determine the contents of astilbin ，polydatin and berberine hydrochloride in Jinmu granules. RESULTS There were 22 common peaks in 10 batches of Jinmu granules ，and the similarities were 0.962-0.997；five common peaks were identified ，namely gallic acid （peak 2），polydatin（peak 9），rutin（peak 11），astilbin（peak 13）and kaempferol （peak 20）. The results of cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of Jinmu granules could be clustered into 3 categories：S1 and S 3-S4 were grouped into one category ；S5-S6 and S 9 were grouped into one category ；S2，S7-S8 and S 10 were grouped into one category. The results of principal component analysis showed that the parameter of model interpretation was 0.951 and that of prediction ability was 0.723. The classification results were basically consistent with cluster analysis. The classifica tion results of orthogonal partial least squares- com discriminant analysis were also ba sically consistent with clus- ter analysis. The common peaks with VIP value ＞1 in the order were peak 7＞peak 11（rutin）＞peak 17＞peak 13（astilbin）＞ peak 3＞peak 8＞peak 6＞peak 16 respectively. The linear ranges of astilbin ，polydatin and berberine hydrochloride were 0.012 6- 1.225 0，0.010 8-1.052 5 and 0.020 0-1.562 5 mg/mL，respectively（all R 2＝0.999 9）. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 3％. The average recoveries were 99.48％（RSD＝2.67％，n＝9），98.57％（RSD＝1.77％，n＝ 9）and 100.84％（RSD＝2.49％，n＝9）. The contents were 1.221 0-7.011 6，2.251 1-4.462 9，1.252 4-3.328 7 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS Established fingerprint and the method of content determination are accurate ，stable and simple. Combined with chemometric analysis ，it can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Zhuang medicine Jinmu granules.
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Objective:To Eveluate the safty and clinical efficacy of combined laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy and autologous islet transplantation in the treatment of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.Methods:A 22 years old solid pseudopapillary neoplasm female patient who underwent distal pancreatectomy and an autologous islet transplantation at Tianjin First Central Hospital, clinical date for 6 months follow up was collected and analyzed.Results:The patient was well recovered after surgery, and during the post-operative follow up, the fasting blood glucose was 5.72 mmol/L, HbA1c was 6.1%, remained insulin independent, the liver function was kept well.Conclusions:Combined Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy and autologous islet transplantation can effectively prevent diabetes after distal pancreatectomy.
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Traditional endocrine drugs, such as bicalutamide, are the first choice for neoadjuvant therapy of prostate cancer. There are few reports on the use of new endocrine drugs in neoadjuvant therapy in China. The patient, male, 63 years old. He was admitted to the hospital for the finding of prostate space occupying. Blood PSA 53.50 ng / ml. Prostate MRI suggested that the prostate lesion broke through the left capsule, the left seminal vesicle gland was invaded, and the bladder wall was invaded. Bone scan suggested that: the left 8th posterior costal branch radioactivity was limited and increased. Prostate adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by puncture, Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8 points, and stage T 4bN 1M 1. The patient was treated with goserelin combined with enzalutamide for 3 months, and PSMA-PET CT: prostate size was normal, no significant 68Ga PSMA uptake was increased, no abnormally high Ga PSMA uptake in bones. The patient was treated with enzalutamide combined with ADT as neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, winning surgical conditions for the patient to undergo surgical resection.
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Renal cell carcinoma is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy, but it is commonly reported urinary system tumors during pregnancy. The management is a real challenge due to the sparse literature and lack of standard guidelines. Following the continuous development of medical technology, the health and fertility needs of these patients have been well protected in recent years. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy.
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Objective:To systematically review and compare the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral midazolam for premedication in the pediatric patients.Methods:PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane library were searched for all randomized controlled trials involving the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral midazolam for premedication in the pediatric patients from inception to August 2019, with an English language restriction.Evaluation indexes included efficacy of preoperative sedation, acceptance of face mask for anesthesia, postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia, incidence of agitation during emergence and postoperative recovery time.The quality of the included trials was assessed according to the relevant criteria recommended in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration′s Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:Ten randomized controlled trials involving 720 pediatric patients were included.Compared with oral midazolam group, the efficacy of preoperative sedation was better, the requirement for postoperative rescue analgesia was decreased ( P<0.01), and no significant differences were found in acceptance of face mask for anesthesia, incidence of agitation during emergence, and postoperative recovery time in intranasal dexmedetomidine group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Intranasal dexmedetomidine provides better efficacy than oral midazolam when used for premedication in the pediatric patients.
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Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave (Li-ESW) in model rats with chronic prostatitis and its optimal parameters.Methods:From April to August 2019, 90 healthy male SD rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group (group C, n=15), model group (group M, n=15) and shock wave treatment group (group T, n=60), which were treated with Li-ESW after being modeled successfully. The rats in group T were supine and treated with focused Li-ESW, and the probe was placed above the anatomical position of the prostate. Treatment scheme was 3 Hz of frequency, 500 pulses, and once a week for 4 weeks. Group T was divided into group T1(0.09 mJ/mm 2), T2(0.20 mJ/mm 2), T3(0.30 mJ/mm 2) and T4(0.40 mJ/mm 2) according to energy flux density, with 15 rats in each group. Before the establishment of the model, the rats in each group were tested with von Frey fiber of 2 g, 4 g and 6 g at the scrotum respectively, and the positive reaction was recorded. There was no significant difference between the three groups ( P>0.05). After one week, the rat model with CP was established by injecting 3% carrageenan into the bilateral lobes of the prostate under anesthesia. And one week after the modeling was completed, the rats in each group underwent von Frey test again to measure pain and evaluate the modeling effects. Group T was then treated once a week for a 4-week period. During the treatment, von Frey test was performed before each treatment to evaluate the treatment effect of the previous week. After the von Frey test for one, two and four weeks of treatment, 5 rats were sacrificed in each group, and the bilateral lobes of the prostate were dissected under aseptic conditions for paraffin inclusion and HE staining. Result:The positive reaction in group M and each group T was significantly more than those in group C ( P<0.001) one week after the modeling was completed, and there was no significant difference between group M and group T. The number of positive reactions in group T2 was lower than that in group M at each time point after treatment ( P<0.05), and it is also less in group T1, T3 and T4 were than that in group M after 3 weeks, 3 and 4 weeks and 2 weeks respectively( P<0.05). In group T2, the number of positive reactions began to decrease after 1 week of treatment, and reached the lowest after 4 weeks, with significant difference in pain measurement results at different time points ( P<0.05). The results of pathological examination showed that there were more inflammatory cells in prostatic stroma and disordered arrangement of epithelial cells in group M than that in group C. The pathological scores of group M, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 8, 7, 4, 6, 9 after 1 week treatment, 8, 5, 3, 4, 7 points after 2 weeks treatment, and 7, 3, 2, 4, 7 points after 4 weeks treatment, respectively. Conclusions:Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave treatment had a significant effect on the improvement of symptoms in model rats with chronic prostatitis. Under the scheme of frequency 3 Hz, 500 pulses, once a week for 4 weeks, the optimal parameters is 0.20 mJ/mm 2.
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a form of ultrasound that delivered at a much lower intensity (＜ 3 W/cm2) than traditional ultrasound and output in the mode of pulse wave,it is typically used for therapeutic purpose in rehabilitation medicine.It has minimal thermal effects due to its low intensity and pulsed output mode,and its non-thermal effects which is normally claimed to induce therapeutic effect in tissues attracting much attentions.LIPUS have been demonstrated to have a rage of biological effects on tissues,including accelerating soft-tissue regeneration,promoting bone-fracture healing,inhibiting inflammatory responses,etc.Hopefully,LIPUS may become an effective clinical procedure for the treatment of urological diseases,such as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS),erectile dysfunction (ED),and stress urinary incontinence (SUI).It still needs an intense effort for basic and clinical investigators to explore the biomedical applications of microenergy medicine.
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Renal cell carcinoma is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy,but it is commonly reported urinary system tumors during pregnancy.The management is a real challenge due to the sparse literature and lack of standard guidelines.Following the continuous development of medical technology,the health and fertility needs of these patients have been well protected in recent years.The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology,risk factors,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy.
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The intrinsic regrowth ability of injured neurons is essential for axon regeneration and functional recovery. Recently, numerous intrinsic pathways that regulate axon regeneration have been discovered, among which the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway are arguably the best characterized examples. MAPK signaling pathway is involved in multiple processes including sensing injury signals, initiating and promoting axonal regrowth through regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and protein synthesis. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates axon regeneration mainly through gene transcription and translation. Combinatory manipulation of multiple regeneration-promoting signals can further improve the extend of axonal regrowth. This paper summarizes current progresses on axon regeneration studies in various organisms and discuss their potentials in promoting functional recovery .
Subject(s)
Axons , Physiology , Nerve Regeneration , Neurons , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Regeneration , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Different from neurons in the peripheral nervous system, mature neurons in the mammalian central nervous system often fail to regenerate after injury. Recent studies have found that calcium transduction, injury signaling, mitochondrial transportation, cytoskeletal remodeling and protein synthesis play essential roles in axon regeneration. Firstly, axon injury increases the intracellular concentration of calcium, and initiates the injury signaling pathways including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and dual leucine kinase (DLK), which are found to promote axon regeneration in multiple animal injury models. The second step for axonal regrowth is to rebuild growth cones. Overexpressing proteins that promote dynamics of microtubules and actin filaments is beneficial for the reassembly of cytoskeletons and initiation of new growth cones. Thirdly, mitochondria, the power factory for cells, also play important roles in growth cone formation and axonal extension. The last but not the least important step is the regulation of gene transcription and protein translation to sustain the regrowth of axons. This review summarizes important findings revealing the functions and mechanisms of these biological progresses.
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Objective@#To understand the research status of occupational asthma and provide information for related research on occupational asthma in the future.@*Methods@#Papers on occupational asthma published from January 1998 to December 2017 had been retrieved in Web of Science core collection database on 9 October 2018. The data retrieval strategies were set as follows: #1 TS=(occupational AND asthma), #2 TS=(occupational AND asthmas), #3 TS=(occupational asthma OR occupational asthmas), #1 OR #2 OR #3. Three thousand two hundred and twelve publications were analyzed by bibliometric and visualizer.@*Results@#Yearly output of articles in this field had been at a stable high level and annual total citations had been increasing. A significant positive correlation was found between the year and annual total citations (r=0.97, P<0.05). The most productive countries were European countries except the United States and Canada. Our country had few literatures accounting for 1.21 percent of the total and the research on occupational asthma in our country started relatively late which were published mainly from 2013 to 2017. The most studied category and journal were public environmental occupational health and Am J Ind Med respectively. "occupational exposure", "allergy" and "rhinitis" were key words with high frequency.@*Conclusion@#Yearly output of publications of occupational asthma has been at a stable high level. Our country should do more research to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and management of occupational asthma.
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Objective@#To explore the preventive effect and possible molecular mechanism of dietary supplementation of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) in the implantation of carbon disulfide (CS2) into embryo implantation disorders.@*Methods@#embryo implantation disorder model was established by single intraperitoneal exposure to CS2 on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th days after pregnancy. Endometrial tissues were collected for 24h after exposure to CS2 for western-blot and immunohistochemical staining.@*Results@#The number of embryo implantation was increased in NCG+CS2 group, compared with CS2 alone group. Day 4 of pregnancy when CS2-exposed after 24 h, the expression of pAKT protein in NCG+CS2 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the expression level of pAMPK protein in NCG+CS2 group was significantly decreased, compared with CS2 alone group, respectively. Immunohistochemical results showed that pAKT, pAMPK, AKT and AMPK proteins were expressed in luminal epithelial cells, glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells of endometrium; Day 4 of pregnancy when CS2-exposed after 24 h, deep staining of ATK and pAKT protein in NCG+CS2 group, the AMPK and pAMPK protein staining became lighter.@*Conclusion@#Dietary supplementation of NCG can interfere with the embryo loss induced by CS2 by altering the total amount of AKT/AMPK molecules.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect factors of liver enzymes elevation by monitoring the liver function changes before and after intraportal islet transplantation.@*Methods@#16 diabetic patients who received intraportal islet transplantation in our hospital were analyzed. The levels of aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and total bilirubin (TBil)were monitored after islet transplantation.@*Results@#Among those 16 diabetic patients who received intraportal islet transplantation, 11 patients showed an increased AST and 8 patients showed an increased ALT, among which a 2.5-fold increase in AST was observed in 4 patients and over 1.5-fold elevation of ALT was observed in 3 patients. The level of TBil were in the normal range before and after transplantation in all patients. Transplanted tissue volume of islet was the main factor for significantly increased AST (P<0.05) in this study. It is also shown that the change in portal pressure is related to the AST elevation after islet transplantation.@*Conclusions@#The amount of transplanted islet tissue volume is related to the liver enzymes elevation after intraportal islet transplantation. Therefore, the improvement of the purity of islet to reduce the amount of transplanted tissue could be benefit to prevent the liver injury after islet transplantation. Meanwhile, the purified islets should be injected as slowly as possible to maintain a stable portal pressure.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect factors of liver enzymes elevation by monitoring the liver function changes before and after intraportal islet transplantation .Methods 16 diabetic patients who received intraportal islet transplantation in our hospital were analyzed .The levels of aspartic aminotransferase (AST ) ,alanine aminotransferase (ALT )and total bilirubin (TBil)were monitored after islet transplantation .Results Among those 16 diabetic patients who received intraportal islet transplantation ,11 patients showed an increased AST and 8 patients showed an increased ALT ,among which a 2 .5-fold increase in AST was observed in 4 patients and over 1 .5-fold elevation of ALT was observed in 3 patients .The level of TBil were in the normal range before and after transplantation in all patients . Transplanted tissue volume of islet was the main factor for significantly increased AST (P< 0 .05) in this study .It is also shown that the change in portal pressure is related to the AST elevation after islet transplantation .Conclusions The amount of transplanted islet tissue volume is related to the liver enzymes elevation after intraportal islet transplantation .Therefore ,the improvement of the purity of islet to reduce the amount of transplanted tissue could be benefit to prevent the liver injury after islet transplantation .Meanwhile ,the purified islets should be injected as slowly as possible to maintain a stable portal pressure .